La relación de los factores de personalidad y la conducción agresiva: los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura / The Relationship between Personality Traits and Aggressive Driving: The Big Five and the Dark Triad

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el papel que los factores de personalidad pertenecientes a los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura -maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía- tienen en la conducción agresiva. La muestra se compuso de 318 estudiantes universitarios con permiso de conducir, quienes contestaron a una batería de pruebas que evaluaba los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes (TIPI), la Tríada Oscura (DD) y la conducción agresiva (DAS y DAX). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica controlando las variables de edad y sexo, respaldan la utilidad predictiva de los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura. Los resultados mostraron cómo la afabilidad, la estabilidad emocional y la apertura a la experiencia predicen de manera significativa diversos aspectos de la conducción agresiva. El maquiavelismo y el narcisismo son predictores significativos de diversas formas de expresión de la ira en la conducción, una vez controlados los efectos de los Cinco Grandes.

Abstract The aim of this paper was to analyze the role that personality traits belonging to the Big Five and the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) have on aggressive driving. 318 undergraduate students with a driver's license completed a battery of tests assessing Big Five personality traits (TIPI), Dark Triad (DD) and aggressive driving (DAS and DAX). Hierarchical regressions analyses controlling for respondents' age and gender variables supported the predictive utility of the Big Five personality traits and the Dark Triad. Results showed that agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience predict various aspects of aggressive driving. Machiavellianism and narcissism are significant predictors of various forms of anger expression in driving after controlling for the effects of the Big Five personality traits.

Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Measures: The Role of Intelligence, the Dark Triad and Dysfunctional Impulsivity / Cumplimiento de Medidas Preventivas Asociadas a la COVID-19: El Rol de la Inteligencia, la Triada Oscura y la Impulsividad Disfuncional

Background: Although measures to prevent COVID-19 infection have been greatly relaxed in many countries, theyare still quite stringent in others. However, not all citizens comply with them to the same extent. Many studies showthe importance of personality traits in predicting compliance with these measures, but it is not so clear what the roleof intelligence is. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether intelligence is related to compliance with these measures,and what its predictive role is when considered together with the dark triad and dysfunctional impulsivity. Method:A total of 786 participants answered four questionnaires. We performed correlations, multiple regression analysis,and structural equation analysis. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy and dysfunctionalimpulsivity were the variables that contributed most to compliance, while intelligence contributed very little. The resultsof the structural equation modelling suggested that intelligence had only an indirect relationship with compliance,through its relationship with the negative personality traits dysfunctional impulsivity and the dark triad. Conclusions:Intelligence seems to modulate the relationship between negative personality traits and compliance. Therefore, moreintelligent people with negative personality traits would not tend to have such low levels of compliance.(AU)

Antecedentes: Las medidas para controlar la COVID-19 se han relajado en muchos países, pero algunos todavíamantienen medidas estrictas, aunque hay ciudadanos que las incumplen. Muchos estudios muestran la relevancia de losrasgos de personalidad en la predicción del cumplimiento, pero no está tan claro cuál es el rol de la inteligencia. Por eso,los objetivos eran evaluar si la inteligencia está relacionada con el cumplimiento, y cuál es su papel predictivo cuandose considera junto con la tríada oscura y la impulsividad disfuncional. Método: 786 participantes respondieron cuatrocuestionarios. Se realizaron correlaciones, regresión múltiple y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: Elanálisis de regresión mostró que la psicopatía y la impulsividad eran las variables con una mayor contribución, mientrasque la inteligencia contribuía de forma pobre. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales sugieren que lainteligencia tiene una relación indirecta con el cumplimiento, a través de su relación con la impulsividad disfuncionaly la tríada oscura. Conclusiones: La inteligencia parece modular la relación entre los rasgos negativos de personalidady el cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas, por lo que las personas más inteligentes, pero con rasgos negativos depersonalidad, no tenderían a tener niveles tan bajos de cumplimiento.(AU)

Sexismo y tríada oscura de la personalidad en adolescentes: el rol mediador de la desconexión moral / Sexism and dark triad of personality on adolescents: the mediator role of moral disengagement

Resumen Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud indica que es necesario eliminar los valores, las actitudes y los estereotipos basados en el género que afectan la salud y el bienestar de las niñas y mujeres en el mundo. Desde la psicología de la personalidad, algunos trabajos científicos han demostrado que rasgos como la triada oscura de la personalidad (maquiavelismo, psicopatía y narcisismo) y la desconexión moral aumentan la susceptibilidad al sesgo de género, la amenaza y la agresión interpersonal. Como contribución al diseño de un perfil personológico propenso a aceptar y justificar las actitudes sexistas, el objetivo principal de este trabajo fue estudiar el rol mediador de la desconexión moral entre la triada oscura de la personalidad y el sexismo ambivalente en adolescentes. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 803 adolescentes (M = 15.33, DT = 0.99; 50.3% chicos) tras utilizar un muestreo por conveniencia para realizar un análisis de la varianza y la comparación de varios modelos mediacionales a partir de la técnica de bootstrapping. Resultados: Los rasgos de la triada oscura de la personalidad se relacionan directa y significativamente con el sexismo hostil y benevolente de los/as adolescentes, y la desconexión moral tiene un efecto mediador importante en esta relación. Conclusiones: Finalmente, se discute cómo trabajar la desconexión moral para la transformación de estas creencias y actitudes de género que perpetúan la discriminación hacia las adolescentes en programas de prevención.

Abstract Introduction: The World Health Organization indicates that gender-based values, attitudes and stereotypes that affect the health and well-being of girls and women around the world need to be eliminated. From personality psychology, scientific studies have shown that traits such as the dark personality triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and moral disengagement increase susceptibility to gender bias, threat, and interpersonal aggression. As a contribution to the design of a personological profile prone to accept and justify sexist attitudes, the main aim of this paper was to study the mediating role of moral disengagement between the dark personality triad and ambivalent sexism in a sample of adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 803 adolescents (M = 15.33, SD = 0.99; 50.3% boys) using convenience sampling to assess ambivalent sexism, dark personality triad and moral disengagement. An analysis of variance and comparison of various mediational models was carried out using the bootstrapping technique. Results: The dark personality triad traits are directly and significantly related to adolescents' hostile and benevolent sexism, and that moral disengagement has a relevant mediating effect on this relationship. Conclusions: Finally, the implications of these findings for the transformation of these gendered beliefs and attitudes that perpetuate discrimination against girls and women are discussed in relation with prevention programs.

Problemas emocionales, personalidad oscura, sexting y grooming en adolescentes: el rol del género y la edad / Emotional Problems, Dark Personality, Sexting and Grooming in Adolescents: the role of Gender and Age

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar si los problemas emocionales (depresión y ansiedad) y la Personalidad Oscura eran predictores del sexting y el grooming, y si este comportamiento varía según el género y la edad. Se constituyó una muestra de 728 adolescentes entre 11 y 18 años (38% hombres) de tres escuelas secundarias privadas ubicadas en Buenos Aires y Paraná, Argentina. Completaron un Cuestionario de sexting, el Cuestionario de Solicitación e Interacción Sexual a menores online por parte de adultos para evaluar el comportamiento de grooming, la Escala de síntomas psicosomáticos de Rosenberg, el Inventario de depresión de Kovacs para niños y el Dirty Dozen para los rasgos de Personalidad Oscura. Los resultados mostraron que 12% de los adolescentes admitió haber padecido una conducta de grooming. Las formas más frecuentes fueron el envío de mensajes escritos de carácter sexual (11%) y fotos (10%) y luego, en orden de frecuencia, el envío de videos (4%), pero no se detectaron diferencias por género. Los predictores significativos de sexting y el tamaño de su varianza explicada variaban según el género (R² = 47% para mujeres y R² = 12% para hombres, respectivamente). En el caso de las mujeres, mayor edad y puntajes de psicopatía fueron predictores significativos, y en el de los hombres, menor ansiedad fue el predictor significativo. Un modelo estructural explicó una varianza del 6% para el sexting y 21% para el grooming, indicando que no hubo invarianza, según el género. Las regresiones lineales para predecir el grooming a partir del sexting también sugirieron que el género moderaba esta relación.

Abstract The present study aimed to study if emotional problems (depression and anxiety) and Dark Personality were predictors of sexting and grooming, and if this behavior differs by gender and age. A sample of 728 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age (38% male) from three private high schools located in Buenos Aires and Paraná, Argentina, was drawn. They completed a Sexting questionnaire, the Questionnaire for Online Sexual Solicitation and Interaction of Minors with Adults for grooming behavior, Rosenberg Scale of Psychosomatic Symptoms, the Kovacs Depression Inventory for Children and the Dirty Dozen for dark personality traits. Results showed that 12% of adolescents admitted having carried out a sexting behavior. Sending written messages of a sexual nature (11%) and photos (10%) were the most prevalent ways, followed by videos (4%), but no differences were detected according to gender. Significant predictors of sexting and the size of its explained variance ranged by gender (R² = 47% for females and R² = 12% for men, respectively). In the case of females, older age and psychopathy were the significant predictors. In the case of males, less anxiety was the significant predictors. A structural model explained a variance of 6% for sexting and 21% for grooming, indicating that there was no inavariance, according to gender. Linear regressions to predict grooming from sexting also suggested this relationship was moderated by gender.

Condroma pulmonar y paraganglioma carotídeo como manifestaciones de la tríada de Carney: reporte de un caso / Pulmonary chondroma and carotid paraganglioma as expressions of Carney's triad: report of a case

Resumen Objetivos: Presentar caso clínico y revisión de la literatura sobre asociación de tumores poco frecuentes compatibles con diagnóstico de tríada de Carney. Paciente y Métodos: Revisión de ficha clínica de paciente de sexo femenino de 39 años de edad con antecedentes de asma, quien acude a servicio de urgencias por síntomas respiratorios. En estudio con imágenes se evidencia masa pulmonar en lóbulo superior derecho probablemente hamartoma y masa en la bifurcación carotídea izquierda compatible con posible paraganglioma. Se completó el estudio con endoscopia digestiva alta sin evidencia de tumor gástrico y PET-CT (tomografía de emisión de positrones-tomografía computarizada) que descartó otras lesiones. Resultados: La paciente fue sometida a resección quirúrgica de ambos tumores (pulmonar y carotídeo). En estudio histopatológico diferido, se plantean los diagnósticos de paraganglioma carotideo y hamartoma pulmonar, el cual, luego de una segunda revisión histopatológica, es corregido a condroma pulmonar. Discusión: La tríada de Carney se compone por la asociación de al menos 2 de 3 tumores: tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST), paraganglioma extra-adrenal y condroma pulmonar. Su expresión es variable, coexistiendo en forma completa en solo el 22% de los casos. Conclusión: Los pacientes con sospecha de tríada de Carney deben recibir evaluación multidisciplinaria, estudio completo en búsqueda de tumores asociados y seguimiento a largo plazo por posibles recurrencias o metástasis.

Objective: To present a clinical case and review of the literature on the infrequent association of pulmonary and extra thoracic tumors compatible with Carney's triad. Patient and Methods: Review of clinical records of a 39 years-old female patient with history of asthma who presented in the emergency department with respiratory symptoms. An imaging study showed a pulmonary mass in the right upper lobe with the aspect of hamartoma and a mass in the left carotid artery bifurcation compatible with a possible paraganglioma. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no evidence of gastric tumor and a PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography) excluded other lesions. Results: Patient underwent surgical resection of both tumors (pulmonary and carotid). Diagnosis of carotid paraganglioma and pulmonary hamartoma were stated by histopathology. However, lung tumor after a second pathological analysis was confirmed to be a pulmonary chondroma. Discussion: Carney's triad is defined by the association of at least 2 of 3 tumors: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST), extraadrenal paraganglioma and pulmonary chondroma. Its expression is variable, coexisting completely in only 22% of cases. Conclusion: Patients with suspected Carney's triad should receive a multidisciplinary assessment, a complete study searching associated tumors and long-term follow-up for recurrences or metastases.

La psicología aplicada al desarrollo socioeconómico / Psychology applied to socioeconomic development / Psicologia aplicada a desenvolvimento socioeconômico

Las sociedades están comprometidas a combatir la pobreza del mundo, elevar el desarrollo y productividad de sus naciones, por ese motivo el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el aporte de la psicología aplicada al desarrollo socioeconómico de un país considerando el capital humano y su función en los estamentos del desarrollo socioeconómico que es la triada productiva: Gobierno (funcionario público y líderes), empresa (emprendedores, empleados y líderes) y academia o universidad (docente, estudiantes y líder). El presente estudio es analítico-reflexivo de tipo empírico propositivo, con relación a los resultados se ha considerado dos aportes por parte de la psicología en el desarrollo socioeconómico estos son: formación integral del capital humano (valores, habilidades y conocimientos) y salud mental (Bienestar social, emocional y psicológico). Asimismo, se sugieren acciones dentro de la labor del psicólogo como ser: enfatizar en Educación en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva Integral, educación al emprendimiento, desarrollar investigación en diferentes áreas de la psicología, formar recursos humanos de calidad y proponer políticas públicas.

Societies are committed to combating poverty in the world, raising the development and productivity of their nations, for this reason the objective of this study is to analyze the contribution of applied psychology to the socioeconomic development of a country considering human capital and its role in the levels of socioeconomic development that is the productive triad: Government (civil servant and leaders), company (entrepreneurs, employees and leaders) and academy or university (teacher, students). The present study is analytical-reflexive of an empirical propositive type, in relation to the results, two contributions have been considered by psychology in socioeconomic development, these are: integral formation of human capital (values, skills and knowledge) and mental health (Social, emotional and psychological well-being). Likewise, actions were suggested within the work of the psychologist, such as: emphasizing Comprehensive Sexual and Reproductive Health Education, entrepreneurship education, developing research in different areas of psychology, training quality human resources and proposing public policies.

As sociedades estão comprometidas com o combate à pobreza no mundo, elevando o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de suas nações, portanto o objetivo deste estudo é analisar a contribuição da psicologia aplicada para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de um país considerando o capital humano e seu papel nos níveis de desenvolvimento socioeconômico que é a tríade produtiva: Governo (oficial e dirigentes), empresa (empresários, empregados e dirigentes) e academia ou universidade (professor, alunos). O presente estudo é analítico-reflexivo do tipo empírico propositivo, em relação aos resultados foram consideradas duas contribuições da psicologia no desenvolvimento socioeconômico, são elas: a formação integral do capital humano (valores, habilidades e conhecimentos) e a saúde mental. (Bem-estar social, emocional e psicológico). Da mesma forma, foram sugeridas ações dentro da atuação do psicólogo, como: enfatizar a Educação Integral em Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva, a educação para o empreendedorismo, desenvolver pesquisas em diferentes áreas da psicologia, formar recursos humanos de qualidade e propor políticas públicas.

Una nueva aproximación cognitiva al tratamiento y prevención de la depresión en el ámbito universitario / [A new cognitive approach to the treatment and prevention of depression in the university setting]

Esta investigación pretende probar la eficacia de una terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC) breve y grupal en el ámbito educativo universitario a corto y largo plazo, y evaluar si se producen cambios en los estilos cognitivos según la predicción de los modelos cognitivos. Se usaron tres grupos de alumnos universitarios: grupo de TCC (estudiantes con sintomatología depresiva que recibe TCC), grupo de control (estudiantes con sintomatología depresiva sin tratamiento) y grupo de sujetos sanos (estudiantes sin sintomatología depresiva ni tratamiento). Los resultados muestran una mejoría significativa en el nivel de depresión tanto a corto como a largo plazo, acompañado de un cambio en el estilo cognitivo del grupo tratado, principalmente a largo plazo, más que a corto plazo, confirmando la eficacia de la TCC y las predicciones de los modelos cognitivos. Sin embargo, los resultados del grupo sano sugieren que la mejora del grupo TCC no es suficiente para lograr que los sujetos muestren un bienestar completo. Estos resultados permiten una mejor comprensión, tratamiento y prevención de la depresión entre los universitarios.

This research aims to assess the effectiveness in both the short and long term of a brief and group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in a university setting, and evaluate if there are changes in the cognitive styles of the participants. Three groups of university students were made: a TCC group (Cognitive behavioral treatment of students with depressive symptoms), a control group (non-treated controls students with depressive symptoms) and a healthy group (non-treated students without depressive symptoms). The results showed a significant improvement in depressive symptoms in both the short and long term, and changes in the cognitive style of the treated group, especially in the long term rather than the short. However, the results of the healthy group suggest that the improvement of the CBT group is not enough to make the subjects show complete well-being. Therefore, the efficacy of CBT for depression seems confirmed once again, as well as the predictions of the cognitive models for the comprehension, treatment and prevention of depression among university students.

Boerhaave syndrome. Case report and literature review.

Spontaneous lesions can affect only a part of the esophageal wall (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) or constitute a full-thickness rupture of the organ, leading to Boerhaave syndrome. Most commonly affecting males between 50 and 70 years of age, Clinically, the Mackler triad is vomiting, severe chest pain, and subcutaneous cervical emphysema. The delay in diagnosis explains the high mortality rate of this pathology up to 40-60% in those treated at 48 hours. The prognosis improves if treatment is established within the first 24 hours.

Las lesiones espontáneas pueden afectar solo una parte de la pared esofágica (síndrome de Mallory-Weiss) o constituir una rotura de espesor total del órgano, dando lugar al síndrome de Boerhaave. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a los varones entre 50 y 70 años de edad. Clínicamente conforma la tríada de Mackler: vómito, dolor torácico intenso y enfisema subcutáneo cervical. El retraso en el diagnóstico explica su alta tasa de mortalidad, de hasta el 40-60% en los pacientes tratados a las 48 horas. El pronóstico mejora si se logra instaurar el tratamiento dentro de las primeras 24 horas.

Acute complex instability of the elbow treated with internal joint stabilizer IJS-E System. / Tratamiento de la inestabilidad aguda compleja de codo con fijador interno IJS-E System.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of acute complex fracture-dislocation of the elbow has been associated with a high rate of complications. Internal Joint Stabilizer of the Elbow (IJSE) device appears as a valid option to optimize and improve our results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a retrospective case series of five patients treated at our institution with IJS-E System (Skeletal DynamicsR) from February 2019 to 2020. Our inclusion criteria was: patients over 18 years old surgically treated with IJS-E due to persistent elbow instability despite of a suitable osteoligamentous surgical repair. RESULTS: We obtained a total of five patients (4 males and 1 female) with an average age of 37.4 years old (24-71). The Injury pattern was posterolateral instability, TTIE in all cases. The mean final postoperative MEP score was 94 points (85-100) and the postoperative DASH score was 11.78 points (4.2-20.6) with an average follow-up of 9.8 months (6-12). We described a final arc of motion of 134° with a range of flexionbetween 120° and 140° and a mean lack of extension of 12° (5°-20°), with a complete arc of pronosupination. As complications we found one case of heterotopic ossfication and one case of elbow stiffnes. However, no complications device-related or articular incongruence were reported during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The IJS-E device appears as an effective alternative instead of external fixation. Nevertheless, a high rate of reoperation up to 100% is associated with IJS-E. A larger series, longer follow-up and prospective studies are needed to define properly his role in the surgical treatment of acute elbow instability.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the low energy availability in females questionnaire (leaf-q) / Adaptación cultural y validación del low energy availability in females questionnaire (leaf-q) / Adaptação cultural e validação do low energy availability in females questionnaire (leaf-q)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low energy availability, amenorrhea and osteoporosis make up the Female Athlete Triad observed in physically active females and athletes. The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) was created with the purpose of identifying female athletes at risk for the Female Athlete Triad. Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the LEAF-Q for Brazilian Portuguese and validate it in a group of Brazilian athletes. Methods: The first stage of the study consisted of translation, cultural adaptation and content validation of the questionnaire in 20 athletes. In the second stage, for the test-retest reliability analysis and the construct validation, the final adapted version was applied in a sample of 127 athletes from various sports disciplines, 54 of whom responded to the questionnaire on a second occasion. For the test-retest reliability analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated and the paired t-test, McNemar's test and Bland-Altman plot were carried out. The construct validation modeled by known or contrasted groups was carried out by comparing the mean LEAF-Q scores of group 1 (athletes who practiced weight-sensitive sports) with those of group 2 (athletes who practiced team sports) using the Student's t test. Results: The Brazilian version of the LEAF-Q showed excellent test-retest reliability, with an ICC of 0.92. The construct validity by known or contrasted groups was confirmed after demonstrating that athletes who practiced weight-sensitive sports had a higher LEAF-Q mean score than athletes who practiced team sports (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the LEAF-Q is an important tool, which presented textual and cultural adequacy, proved to be reliable in terms of test-retest reliability, and presents evidence of validity to investigate the risk of the triad. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a diagnostic instrument .

RESUMEN Introducción: La baja energía disponible, amenorrea y osteoporosis conforman la Tríada de la mujer deportista, y afecta a mujeres físicamente activas y atletas. El cuestionario Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) fue creado con la finalidad de identificar a atletas del sexo femenino en riesgo de Tríada de la mujer deportista. Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar culturalmente al portugués de Brasil y validar el LEAF-Q en un grupo de atletas brasileñas. Métodos: La primera etapa del estudio consistió en traducción, adaptación cultural y validación de contenido del instrumento en 20 atletas. En la segunda etapa, para el análisis de la confiabilidad test-retest y validación de constructo, la versión final adaptada del cuestionario fue aplicada a una muestra de 127 atletas de diversas modalidades y, entre ellas, 54 respondieron el cuestionario en una segunda ocasión. Para el análisis de la confiabilidad test-retest fue calculado el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC), así como la realización de los tests t pareado, de McNemar y del gráfico de Bland-Altman. La validación de constructo modelada por grupos conocidos o contrastados fue realizada a partir de la comparación de las puntuaciones promedio del LEAF-Q del grupo 1 (atletas de modalidades sensibles al peso) y del grupo 2 (atletas de deportes colectivos), empleando el test t de Student. Resultados: La versión brasileña de LEAF-Q presentó excelente confiabilidad de test-retest, con ICC de 0,92. La validez de constructo por grupos conocidos o contrastados fue confirmada al demostrar que atletas de modalidades sensibles al peso tienen puntuación promedio mayor en el LEAF-Q que atletas de deportes colectivos (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusión: La versión brasileña del LEAF-Q es una herramienta importante, que presentó adecuación textual y cultural, probó ser confiable, en términos de confiabilidad de test-retest, y presenta evidencias de validación para investigar el riesgo de tríada. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un instrumento diagnóstico .

RESUMO Introdução: A baixa energia disponível, amenorreia e osteoporose compõe a tríade da mulher atleta, e afeta mulheres fisicamente ativas e atletas. O questionário Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) foi criado com a finalidade de identificar atletas do sexo feminino em risco de tríade da mulher atleta. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para o português do Brasil e validar o LEAF-Q em um grupo de atletas brasileiras. Métodos: A primeira etapa do estudo consistiu em tradução, adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo do instrumento em 20 atletas. Na segunda etapa, para a análise da confiabilidade teste-reteste e validação de construto, a versão final adaptada do questionário foi aplicada em uma amostra de 127 atletas de diversas modalidades e, dentre elas, 54 responderam o questionário em uma segunda ocasião. Para a análise da confiabilidade teste-reteste, foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC), assim como a realização dos testes t pareado, de McNemar e do gráfico de Bland-Altman. A validação de construto modelada por grupos conhecidos ou contrastados foi realizada a partir da comparação das pontuações médias do LEAF-Q do grupo 1 (atletas de modalidades sensíveis ao peso) e do grupo 2 (atletas de esportes coletivos), empregando o teste t de Student. Resultados: A versão brasileira do LEAF-Q apresentou excelente confiabilidade teste-reteste, com ICC de 0,92. A validade de construto por grupos conhecidos ou contrastados foi confirmada ao demonstrar que atletas de modalidades sensíveis ao peso têm pontuação média maior no LEAF-Q do que atletas de esportes coletivos (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusão: A versão brasileira do LEAF-Q é uma ferramenta importante, que apresentou adequação textual e cultural, provou ser confiável, em termos de confiabilidade teste-reteste e apresenta evidências de validação para investigar o risco de tríade. Nível de evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um instrumento diagnóstico .

Rasgos de personalidad, bienestar y malestar psicológico en usuarios de redes sociales que presentan conductas disruptivas online / Personality traits, well-being and psychological distress in users who present online disruptive behavior

Resumen El presente estudio se propuso investigar perfiles de usuarios de redes sociales que presentan conductas disruptivas online. Para tal fin se diseñó un índice que permite evaluar el nivel en el que se presentan dichas conductas y se analizó la relación entre la intensidad de la conducta disruptiva online con variables sociodemográficas, motivos de usos de redes, variables de personalidad (normales, patológicas y rasgos vinculados a tríada oscura), bienestar y malestar psicológico. Participaron 858 adultos (421 hombres y 437 mujeres) que tenían en promedio 39.16 años (DE = 14.14). Para la recolección de datos se administraron: Dark Triad Scale, Big Five Inventory, Inventario para Trastornos de la Personalidad para el DSM-5, Mental Health Continuum . Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, y se diseñaron dos escalas: Índice de Conductas Disruptivas Online y Motivos de Utilización de Redes Sociales. En cuanto a las variables sociodemográficas, se halló que los más jóvenes de sexo masculino y que no trabajaban eran quienes presentaban un mayor nivel de comportamientos disruptivos online. En cuanto a los motivos de uso de redes, se observó que preferían usarlas con fines meramente exhibicionistas, de ocio o para iniciar nuevas relaciones. Por otro lado, en relación con rasgos de personalidad, aquellos que diferenciaban los perfiles en cuanto a la intensidad de las conductas disruptivas fueron: bajos niveles de responsabilidad y altos niveles de desinhibición, narcisismo y maquiavelismo. Por último, se demostró que presentar este tipo de conductas se asocia con mayor nivel de estrés y menor de bienestar social.

Abstract The present study focused on the analysis of online disruptive behavior that usually occurs among social network users. Individuals who perpetrate such behavior are commonly known as trolls or haters (Cheng, Danescu-Niculescu-Mitzil, & Leskovec, 2015). In general, they post comments, photos or provocative videos that do not pursue any purpose other than annoying or obtaining pleasure or fun (Brandel, 2007; Phillips, 2011). Recent studies have shown that certain personality traits are associated with the presence of such disruptive behavior. In this research, we studied normal personality traits, psychopathological traits, and dark personality traits in relation to disruptive behavior. The normal personality traits were considered from the classic Five Factor Model (FFM) - Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (Costa, & McCrae, 1985); the psychopathological traits, from the latest version of the DSM - Negative Effect, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013); and the dark personality traits from the so-called Dark Triad model - Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy (Palthus, & Williams, 2002). This latter model has a growing interest in the international literature, related to dysfunctional Internet use, particularly to social networks. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze profiles of social network users who present online disruptive behavior. For this purpose, an index was designed to assess the level of occurrence of such behaviors. First, the relationship between the intensity of online disruptive behavior and sociodemographic variables (i. e., sex, age, studies, occupation and nationality) and motives for social network use (i. e., Relationship maintenance; Passing time and Exhibitionism; Relationship Initiation and Search for companionship) were assessed. Then, the relationships among personality variables (i. e., normal, psychopathological and traits related to the dark triad); well-being (i. e., emotional, social and personal) and psychological distress (i. e., anxiety, stress and depression) were analyzed. The sample consisted of 858 adults (421 men, 49.1 % and 437 women, 50.9 %) with a mean age of 39.16 years (SD = 14.14). The majority (67.9 %; n = 583) lived in Buenos Aires, Argentina). For data collection, the following questionnaires were used: Dark Triad Scale (DTS), Big Five Inventory (BFI), Personality Disorder Inventory (PID-5-BF), the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Additionally, two scales were designed: Online Disruptive Behavior Index, and Motives for Social Networks Use. The SPPS 24.0 statistical package was used for data analysis. Overall, the results are consistent with those reported in the international literature. Regarding sociodemographic variables, it was found that male, younger and unemployed individuals are those who presented higher level of online disruptive behavior. Considering motives for social network use, it was observed that individuals who tend to behave in a dysfunctional manner, preferred to use social networks purely for exhibitionism, pastime or relationships initiation. Regarding personality traits, those who differentiated profiles in terms of intensity of disruptive behaviors were: low levels of responsibility and high levels of disinhibition, narcissism and Machiavellianism. Thus, it might be concluded that the overall personality profile tends to be dysfunctional in terms of its characteristics. Finally, it was shown that presenting this type of behavior is associated with higher levels of stress and lower levels of social wellbeing. Therefore, it might be interpreted that although individuals who behave disruptively tend to obtain gratification from injury and deceit to others, this behavior does not result in positive results for them, but rather results in feelings of discomfort from a personal and social point of view.

Actualización sobre deficiencias nutricionales en la mujer deportista a partir de la literatura científica / Update on nutritional deficiencies in women athletes from the scientific literature

Los déficits nutricionales en la mujer deportista causan numerosos problemas de salud, así como un empeoramiento en el rendimiento deportivo, como consecuencia de estas deficiencias nutricionales. El conocimiento de estos déficits y su prevención deben ser un aspecto principal para cualquier responsable deportivo. Establecer la importancia del estudio de los déficits de energía, proteínas, minerales (Fe, Ca y Mg) y vitaminas (Vitamina D, ácido fólico y vitamina B12) que pueden desarrollar las mujeres deportistas y su relación con la prevalencia de la tríada femenina y constatar la importancia del conocimiento por parte de los responsables deportivos de los problemas derivados de los déficits nutricionales. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos, entre 2013-2020, relevantes para el objetivo de estudio. Se usaron bases de datos científicas como PubMed y Pennutrition, siguiendo los criterios de exclusión e inclusión elegidos para este estudio. 51 artículos fueron encontrados. Los resultados mostraron la prevalencia de energía, Fe, vitamina D y Ca, así como un suficiente aporte proteico, faltan estudios para determinar los niveles de vitamina B12 y ácido fólico. Se observó, además la prevalencia de mujeres que cumplen con uno o varios factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la tríada de la deportistas femenina. Es imprescindible la prevención o, el tratamiento, de los déficits nutricionales en las mujeres deportistas para asegurar un correcto estado de salud y un rendimiento deportivo óptimo(AU)

Nutritional deficiencies in women athletes cause numerous health problems, as well as a worsening of sports performance, as a result of these nutritional deficiencies. Awareness of these deficiencies and their prevention should be a major aspect for any sports manager. The aim of the study was to establish the importance of studying the deficits of energy, protein, minerals (Fe, Ca and Mg) and vitamins (Vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12) that can be developed by female athletes and their relationship with the prevalence of the female triad and to establish the importance of knowledge by sports managers of the problems arising from nutritional deficiencies. 51 papers were found. A bibliographic search of relevant articles for the study objective was carried out (2013-2020). Scientific databases such as PubMed and Pennutrition were used, following the exclusion and inclusion criteria chosen for this study. The results showed the prevalence of energy, Fe, vitamin D and Ca, as well as sufficient protein intake and a lack of studies to determine the levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. In addition, the prevalence of women meeting one or more risk factors for the development of the female sports triad was observed. It is essential the prevention or, treatment, of nutritional deficits in female athletes to ensure proper health status and optimal sports performance(AU)

Cogniciones en el lado oscuro: desconexión moral, tríada oscura y conducta antisocial en adolescents / Cognitions on the dark side: Moral disengagement, dark triad and antisocial behavior in adolescents

Resumen En el marco de una tradición de investigación relativamente reciente, ciertos rasgos psicológicos relacionados con diversas conductas socialmente reprobables se han agrupado bajo la denominación de "Factor o lado oscuros de la personalidad". En este contexto, este trabajo estudia la varianza común que pudiera existir entre los tres componentes del constructo tríada oscura (maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía) y los procesos cognitivos constitutivos del constructo desconexión moral, en orden a relacionarlos con la conducta antisocial de una muestra de 800 adolescentes (M = 15.33, SD = .99; 50.1 % chicos). El análisis factorial exploratorio sugirió retener cuatro factores mediante el Análisis Paralelo de Horn. Estos factores se sometieron a una rotación bifactorial en el contexto exploratorio, y sus índices de ajuste fueron adecuados ꭓ² (1219.42, 737) = 1.65 p < .05; RMSEA = .03 (.01, .05 ); CFI = .98. El análisis factorial confirmatorio de este modelo bifactorial para representar el lado oscuro, obtuvo índices de ajuste óptimos ꭓ² (392.38, 150) = 2.61 p < .05; RMSEA = .04 (.04, .05); CFI = .95; y similar para chicos y chicas. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales indicó que el "lado oscuro", entendido aquí como las características comunes de la tríada oscura y la desconexión moral, está directa e intensamente relacionado con conductas antisociales en chicas (β = .57, p < .001) y en chicos (β = .54, p < .001). Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la prevención de una amplia gama de conductas antisociales en adolescentes.

Abstract Within the context of a recent research tradition, certain psychological traits related to various socially reprehensible behaviors have been grouped under the name of "Dark Factor or dark side of personality." In this context, this paper studies the common variance that could exist between the three components of the Dark Triad construct (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and the constituent cognitive processes of Moral Disengagement construct, in order to relate them to the antisocial behavior of a sample composed of 800 adolescents (M = 15.36, SD = .99; 50.1 % boys). Exploratory factor analysis suggested retaining four factors using Horn Parallel Analysis. These factors were subjected to a bifactorial rotation in the exploratory context, and their fit indices were adequate ꭓ² (1219.42, 737) = 1.65 p <.05; RMSEA = .03 (.01, .05); CFI = .98. The confirmatory factor analysis of this bifactorial model to represent the dark side obtained optimal fit indices ꭓ² (392.38, 150) = 2.61 p <.05; RMSEA = .04 (.04, .05); CFI = .95; similar for boys and girls. The results of the structural equation model indicated that the "dark side", understood here as the common characteristics of the Dark Triad and Moral Disengagement, is directly and intensely related to antisocial behaviors in girls (β = .57, p < .001) and boys (β = .54, p < .001). Finally, the implications of these results for the prevention of a wide range of antisocial behaviors in adolescents are discussed.

Retraso del diagnóstico en un paciente con Hakim Adams / Delayed diagnosis in a patient with Hakim Adams

La hidrocefalia normotensiva es una patología caracterizada por alteración en la marcha, incontencia vesical, déficit cognitivo, hallazgos imagenológicos de ventriculomegalia comunicante y, presión normal de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Por la ambigüedad de sus síntomas y por la falta de criterios imagenológicos muy concluyentes es una patología de difícil diagnóstico inicial; el paciente muchas veces acude a distintos especialistas por síntomas aislados hasta que se relacionan los mismos y, se deriva el caso a Neurología / Neurocirugía. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 65 años que presentó un cuadro de 2 años de evolución de incontinencia urinaria tratado como alteración de la micción secundaria a una hiperplasia prostática benigna sin mejoría alguna en ese intervalo de tiempo. Luego se agregó al cuadro una alteración en la marcha que fue poco valorada por el paciente y su entorno, sin ser conscientes del déficit cognitivo hasta que se realizó la evaluación neuropsicológica. Si bien el paciente presentaba la triada clásica que caracteriza a la hidrocefalia de presión normal, no fue hasta dos años luego del inicio del cuadro que se llegó al diagnóstico y, fue intervenido quirúrgicamente. Se colocó una válvula de derivación ventrículo peritoneal de presión media, con la cual presentó una evolución favorable y, resolución absoluta de los síntomas.

Normotensive hydrocephalus is a pathology characterized by impaired gait, bladder incontinence, cognitive deficit, images findings of communicating ventriculomegaly and normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Due to the ambiguity of its symptoms and the lack of conclusive images criteria, it is difficult initial diagnosis pathology; the patient often goes to different specialists for isolated symptoms until they are related, and the case is referred to Neurology / Neurosurgery. We present the case of a patient who presented a 2-year history of urinary incontinence treated as an alteration of urination secondary to a benign prostatic hyperplasia without any improvement in that time interval. Then a gait disturbance was added to the picture that was poorly valued by the patient and his environment, without being aware of the cognitive deficit until a neuropsychological evaluation. Although the patient presented the classic triad that characterizes normal pressure hydrocephalus, it was not until two years after the onset of the condition that the diagnosis was reached and underwent surgery. A peritoneal ventricular shunt of medium pressure was placed, presenting a favorable evaluation and complete resolution of symptoms.

Clinical results of radial arthroplasty in Hotchkiss' terrible triad, a case series of 47. / Resultados clínicos de la artroplastia radial en la tríada terrible de Hotchkiss, a propósito de 47 casos.

INTRODUCTION: Radial head fractures represent 33-75% of elbow fractures (30 cases/100,000 population/year). "Terrible triad's Hotchkiss" is characterized by radial head fracture, coronoid fracture and elbow dislocation. Our principal goal is to compare our results on each type of prosthesis in the context of the triad. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. Sample size was 47 patients. Variables analyzed were affiliation, Mason's classification, surgical aspects (moment of surgery, surgical time, prosthesis type, re-surgery), rehabilitation time, causes of prosthetic failure, complications, radiographic findings (according to van Riet), Popovic's loosening areas, MEPS and Cassebaum's scales. We performed an inter-group study, on patients treated with monopolar or bipolar prosthesis, in order to see results. RESULTS: Average age was 43.5±8.9 years. 72.7% were in highly demanding jobs. Mason's fracture type iv appeared in all the cases and Regan-Morrey's type I was the most frequent coronoid fracture (42.6%). There were 22 bipolar prosthesis and 25 monopolar prosthesis. Surgery time was about 112.3±59.1minutes. External fixation was used in 6.4%. MEPS final: 85.9±15 points. Rehabilitation time was about 4.7±2.5 months. Of the patients, 76.6% returned to work. Cassebaum's results were good-excellent in 74.5% of patients. There were 3 cases of prosthetic mobilization. Heterotopic ossification appeared in 29.8% of cases and 15.2% presented overstuffing. With regard to the inter-group study, we observed that there was less surgical time with monopolar prosthesis (P=.006), fewer second look surgeries (P=.05), less stiffness (P=.04), less heterotopic ossification (P=.004) and septic loosening (P=.005), without any influence on MEPS (P=.44). CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained in terrible triads with prostheses in our experience are good. Prosthetic type influences results, because surgical time for implantation of a monopolar prosthesis was less than for a bipolar one, although rehabilitation time was longer. With bipolar prostheses, external fixation was required, with a higher rate of reinterventions, stiffness, prosthetic mobilization, heterotopic ossification and prosthetic loosening. However, there were no differences between the 2prosthetic types in terms of clinical results, like MEPS or Cassebaum scores.

O viés da aquiescência e a estrutura fatorial do Dirty Dozen e do Short Dark Triad / Acquiescence bias and the factor structure of the Dirty Dozen and the Short Dark Triad / El sesgo de la aquiescencia y la estructura factual del Dirty Dozen y del Short Dark Triad

A tríade sombria ­ maquiavelismo, narcisismo e psicopatia ­ tem sido tradicionalmente avaliada via inventários de autorrelato. Entretanto, instrumentos de autorrelato podem estar suscetíveis à aquiescência ou tendência a concordar com itens mesmo quando possuem conteúdo antagônico. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a dimensionalidade de dois populares instrumentos de autorrelato da tríade, o Dirty Dozen e o Short Dark Triad, verificando a interferência do viés da aquiescência na estrutura fatorial de cada medida. Participaram do estudo 449 universitários (média de idades= 23,47; DP = 6,76; 64% mulheres). O controle da aquiescência produziu soluções fatoriais mais interpretáveis do que a tradicional modelagem bi-factor, amplamente utilizada na área. Os achados também revelam fragilidades na composição teórica de ambos os instrumentos. Argumenta-se que a economia das medidas breves da "tríade sombria" não deve vir desencontrada de uma estrutura fatorial que reflita o conhecimento atual sobre a multidimensionalidade desses traços

The Dark Triad ­ Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy ­ has been traditionally assessed via self-report inventories. Self-report instruments might be susceptible to acquiescent responding or the tendency to manifest agreement with items even when they are semantically opposed. We investigated the dimensionality of two popular self-report instruments of the Dark Triad, the Dirty Dozen and the Short Dark Triad, and inspected the interference of the acquiescence bias in the factor structure of each measure. Participants were 449 students (mean age of 23.47 years; SD = 6.76; 64% females. Controlling for acquiescence produced factor solutions that were more theoretically interpretable than the standard bi-factor modeling, largely used in the field. Findings also raise questions about the theoretical underpinnings of both instruments. We argue that, despite valuable, brief measures of the Dark Triad traits should not come at the expense of a structure adequately reflecting the current knowledge about the multidimensionality of these traits

La Tríada Oscura (maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía) se ha evaluado a través de inventarios de autoinformes. El instrumento de autoinforme puede ser susceptible de responder o de la tendencia a manifestar acuerdo con los elementos, incluso cuando se oponen semánticamente.Investigamos la dimensionalidad de dos instrumentos populares de autoinforme de la Tríada, Dirty Dozen y Short Dark Triad, e inspeccionamos la interferencia del sesgo de aquiescencia en la estructura de factores de cada medida. Los participantes fueron 449 estudiantes (edad promedio de 23.47 años; SD = 6.76; 64% mujeres. El control de la aquiescencia produjo soluciones factoriales que eran teóricamente más fáciles de interpretar que el modelo bifactor estándar, ampliamente utilizado en el campo. Los hallazgos también plantean preguntas sobre los fundamentos teóricos de ambos instrumentos. Los rasgos de la Tríada, no deben realizarse a expensas de una estructura que refleje adecuadamente el conocimiento actual sobre la multidimensionalidad de estos rasgos

Protocolised surgical treatment of terrible triad of elbow. Results and complications. / Tratamiento quirúrgico protocolizado de las tríadas terribles de codo. Resultados y complicaciones.

BACKGROUND: Terrible triad of elbow is a complex lesion with a high rate of complications. Our goal is to analyse both clinical results and complications after performing protocolised surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The database of our hospital was used during 2005-2015, collecting characteristics of the patient, the fracture, the surgery and the associated complications, as well as functional results and range of mobility. RESULTS: A total of 62 triads were obtained, of which 27 (43%) were women and 35 (56%) were men. All had a Kaplan lateral approach and those who needed it were complemented with a medial approach to repair the LCM. The radial head was synthesized in 14 (22%) cases, a prosthesis was placed in 45 (74%) cases and other actions in 3 (5%) cases. Osteosynthesis of the choroid process was performed by transosseous harpoon±suture in 41 (62%) patients and by synthesis in 12 (19%) cases. In 9 (14%) cases, no action was taken. In 100% of the cases the LCL was repaired and in 9 (14%) the LCM also had to be repaired. Twenty-two percent of the patients required ESA due to instability after the surgical technique. With respect to results, a range of mobility was obtained between 120°/-20° of flexoextension and 98°/85° of pronosupination. In terms of complications, we obtained a total of 17 (27%). CONCLUSIONS: Elbow triads are complex lesions where protocolised surgery is necessary, nevertheless the complication rate was 27% in our series.

Análisis y aplicación de una lista de verificación en anestesia en trauma y cirugía de urgencia / Analysis and application of a checklist in trauma anesthesia and emergency surgery

Resumen: El manejo anestésico afecta directamente en la evolución del paciente durante la resucitación dentro del quirófano, influenciando directamente en la mortalidad y morbilidad. Se ha demostrado que recibir atención en centros hospitalarios de trauma nivel I disminuye el riesgo de muerte en pacientes lesionados en un 25% comparado con un centro no traumatológico. El presente trabajo presenta una lista de verificación para el paciente con trauma y cirugía de urgencia, en un intento de ayudar al anestesiólogo y al equipo quirúrgico a no olvidar pasos esenciales en momentos de estrés, adaptándose a cada centro hospitalario de acuerdo con protocolos y recursos propios de cada institución, ya que son, evidentemente, recomendaciones basadas en prevenir la conocida y temida tríada de la muerte, así como las múltiples complicaciones tardías, que se pudieran presentar.

Abstract: Anesthetic management directly affects the evolution of the patient during resuscitation within the operating room, directly influencing mortality and morbidity. It has been shown that receiving hospital care in trauma level I reduces the risk of death in injured patients by 25% compared to a non-traumatological center. The present work presents a checklist for the patient with trauma and emergency surgery, in an attempt to help the anesthesiologist and the surgical team not to forget essential steps in times of stress, adapting to each hospital according to protocols and resources own of each institution, since they are, evidently, recommendations based on preventing the well-known and feared triad of death, as well as the multiple late complications, that could arise.